Selasa, 15 November 2011

Ä Pride and Prejudice Summary

fuad

The story tells us about the condition of England in the early 19th century. Women who lack a fortune need to marry well. By "well," we mean wealthy.it was difficult enough to get married with a great man. So, any guy from a good family with large, steady income is fair game on the Marriage Hunt. Money is the main oriented to marry at that time. Rich but unintelligent, unattractive, boring men? Mrs. Bennet says, "Bring it on!" To be fair, she does have five daughters who lack a fortune. When a certain (wealthy) Mr. Bingley moves into the neighborhood and is interested in her eldest daughter, Jane, Mrs. Bennet becomes very happy and tries to push them together in every way possible.

It's not all roses and champagne just yet, however. While Mr. Bingley is easygoing and pleasant, his sisters are catty snobs whose attitude is encouraged by a certain Mr. Darcy. Good-looking, rich, and close friends with Mr. Bingley, Darcy is also insufferably proud and haughty. The Bennets are beneath him in social stature, so Mr. Darcy is proportionately disagreeable, particularly to Jane's younger sister Elizabeth. When Mr. Bingley suggests that Mr. Darcy ask Elizabeth to dance, Mr. Darcy replies that she isn't pretty enough. The two men accidentally carry on their conversation within earshot of Elizabeth.

Everyone knows that Mr. Bingley is falling in love with Jane, but Jane's calm temperament hides her true feelings (actually she loves him too). Elizabeth gossips about the situation with her close friend Charlotte Lucas, who argues that Jane needs to show affection or risk losing Mr. Bingley. Meanwhile, Mr. Darcy has finished backbite Elizabeth, and starts becoming attracted to her.

In any case, Mr. Bingley's sisters extend a dinner invitation to Jane, who rides over to the Bingley mansion in the rain, gets soaking wet, falls ill, and has to remain in the Bingley household. Elizabeth arrives to nurse her sister and engage in some witty banter with Mr. Darcy. Astonished at his attraction, he keeps staring at Elizabeth, but she assumes he's being a jerk and trying to judge her.

Back at Longbourn (the Bennet home), Mr. Collins arrives for a visit. As Mr. Bennet's closest male relative, Mr. Collins will inherit the estate after Mr. Bennet's death. Mr. Collins has decided that the nice thing to do is to marry one of the Bennet girls in order to preserve their home. It looks like he has his sights set on Elizabeth, but did we mention that he's a complete fool and worships his boss (a certain Lady Catherine)? It's clear that Elizabeth finds him repulsive.

As for the two youngest Bennet sisters, the militia has arrived in town and they're ready to throw themselves at any officers who wander their way. They meet a charming young man named Mr. Wickham, who rapidly befriends Elizabeth. Wickham tells Elizabeth a sob story about how all of his life opportunities were destroyed by Mr. Darcy, convincing her that Darcy is Evil Personified. Elizabeth readily believes Wickham's story, and also learns that Lady Catherine (Mr. Collins's boss) is Mr. Darcy's aunt.

salsa

The next day, all the Bennet girls are invited to a ball at Netherfield (Mr. Bingley's mansion). Elizabeth is excited about possibly dancing with Wickham, and also excited to see Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham confront each other. At the ball, Wickham is absent, but Darcy asks Elizabeth to dance. So does Mr. Collins, whose dancing style is grotesquely embarrassing to Elizabeth. The rest of Elizabeth's family is no better: Mrs. Bennet brags to everyone that Bingley will likely propose to Jane, Mary and shows off her non-existent musical talent, and Lydia and Kitty are embarrassingly flirty with the military officers.

The following morning, Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth, who practically has to beat him over the head before he believes her adamant refusal. We don't feel too bad for Mr. Collins because Elizabeth's friend, Charlotte Lucas, pretends to play wingman (or wingperson, if you like), but is really hunting for a proposal of her own. Mr. Collins does indeed step up, and Charlotte accepts. Elizabeth is shocked when she learns of their engagement. She has difficulty believing that Charlotte's good sense would allow her to marry such a ridiculous man. Charlotte explains, however, that she's a spinster with no prospects, and she'd rather have her own home than live with her parents forever. Basically, beggars can't be choosers.

A letter arrives for Jane. It's from Miss Bingley, informing her that the entire Bingley group has left for London. Miss Bingley also sneakily implies that Mr. Bingley is really in love with Darcy's sister. Jane is heartbroken, but goes to London with her aunt and uncle in the hopes of winning Bingley back.

Elizabeth also leaves home to visit the newly married Charlotte. Charlotte seems content. During her visit, Elizabeth receives a dinner invitation to Lady Catherine's estate, Rosings Park. While there, Lady Catherine subjects Elizabeth to the third degree, but Elizabeth takes it well. She learns that a visit from Darcy is imminent.

When Darcy arrives, he and Elizabeth engage in more witty banter over the dinner table at Rosings. He frequently comes to visit at Charlotte's house, which confuses everyone since he doesn't say anything, doesn't look like he's having fun, and always stays less than ten minutes.

Meanwhile, Elizabeth learns that Bingley was going to propose to Jane but that Darcy intervened. Naturally her dislike for Darcy intensifies…which is exactly the moment Darcy chooses to propose.

During the proposal, mixed in with Darcy's "I love you" are some "I am so superior to you" comments, which, not surprisingly, don't go over so well. Elizabeth rejects him and tells him off, saying that he isn't a gentleman. She cites both Wickham's story and Jane's broken heart as the two primary reasons for anger.

The next day, Darcy hands Elizabeth a letter, asking her to read it. It contains the full story regarding Wickham (he's a liar, a gambler, and he tried to elope with Darcy's underage sister) and the full story regarding Jane (Darcy was convinced Jane didn't love Bingley and so tried to save his friend from a woman simply attracted to his wealth). Elizabeth undergoes a huge emotional transformation and regrets her hasty actions.

suci

Once back at home, Lydia, the youngest of the Bennet girls, is invited to follow the officers to their next station in Brighton. Elizabeth strongly disapproves of the plan, but Mr. Bennet overrules her and allows Lydia to go off.

Elizabeth's aunt and uncle ask her to accompany them on a trip to Derbyshire, which is, incidentally, where Mr. Darcy lives. They decide to visit his estate called Pemberley. Elizabeth agrees to go only after she learns that Mr. Darcy is out of town. Once at the estate, Elizabeth is impressed by its excellent taste and upkeep. Darcy's housekeeper also has nothing but compliments for her master. To Elizabeth's surprise, they run into Darcy, and, to her further surprise, he's immensely polite to her aunt and uncle. Darcy asks Elizabeth to meet his sister, who proves to be quite nice but very shy.

Before we can finally tune up the violins and the wedding toasts, disaster strikes when Elizabeth learns that Lydia has run off with Wickham. This scandal could ruin the family, so Elizabeth's uncle and father try to track the renegade couple down. Elizabeth's uncle saves the day and brings the two young 'uns back as a properly married (and unapologetic) couple. When Lydia lets slip that Darcy was at her wedding, Elizabeth realizes that there's more to the story and writes to her aunt for more information.

When her aunt replies, Elizabeth learns the full truth: Darcy was actually the one responsible for saving the Bennet family's honor. He tracked down the couple and paid off Wickham's massive debts in exchange for Wickham marrying Lydia. When Darcy arrives with Bingley for a visit at Longbourn, Elizabeth tries to talk to him but doesn't get a chance. It seems Darcy has talked to Bingley about Jane, however, so all is well in that quarter. Bingley eventually proposes and Jane accepts.

Shortly thereafter, Lady Catherine visits Longbourn and tries to strong-arm Elizabeth into rejecting any proposal from Darcy. Elizabeth gets mad – why is this woman trying to control her? – and basically tells her to get lost. Later, Elizabeth and Darcy go for a walk and the couple says everything that needs to be said: "Thanks for saving my sister from ruin," "I was doing it for you," "Do you still hate me?" "No, I love you," etc. They decide to get married. The story is ended with happy ending.

tugas bu diah....... fuad, salsa, suci

Ä Pride and Prejudice Summary

The story tells us about the condition of England in the early 19th century. Women who lack a fortune need to marry well. By "well," we mean wealthy.it was difficult enough to get married with a great man. So, any guy from a good family with large, steady income is fair game on the Marriage Hunt. Money is the main oriented to marry at that time. Rich but unintelligent, unattractive, boring men? Mrs. Bennet says, "Bring it on!" To be fair, she does have five daughters who lack a fortune. When a certain (wealthy) Mr. Bingley moves into the neighborhood and is interested in her eldest daughter, Jane, Mrs. Bennet becomes very happy and tries to push them together in every way possible.

It's not all roses and champagne just yet, however. While Mr. Bingley is easygoing and pleasant, his sisters are catty snobs whose attitude is encouraged by a certain Mr. Darcy. Good-looking, rich, and close friends with Mr. Bingley, Darcy is also insufferably proud and haughty. The Bennets are beneath him in social stature, so Mr. Darcy is proportionately disagreeable, particularly to Jane's younger sister Elizabeth. When Mr. Bingley suggests that Mr. Darcy ask Elizabeth to dance, Mr. Darcy replies that she isn't pretty enough. The two men accidentally carry on their conversation within earshot of Elizabeth.

Everyone knows that Mr. Bingley is falling in love with Jane, but Jane's calm temperament hides her true feelings (actually she loves him too). Elizabeth gossips about the situation with her close friend Charlotte Lucas, who argues that Jane needs to show affection or risk losing Mr. Bingley. Meanwhile, Mr. Darcy has finished backbite Elizabeth, and starts becoming attracted to her.

In any case, Mr. Bingley's sisters extend a dinner invitation to Jane, who rides over to the Bingley mansion in the rain, gets soaking wet, falls ill, and has to remain in the Bingley household. Elizabeth arrives to nurse her sister and engage in some witty banter with Mr. Darcy. Astonished at his attraction, he keeps staring at Elizabeth, but she assumes he's being a jerk and trying to judge her.

Back at Longbourn (the Bennet home), Mr. Collins arrives for a visit. As Mr. Bennet's closest male relative, Mr. Collins will inherit the estate after Mr. Bennet's death. Mr. Collins has decided that the nice thing to do is to marry one of the Bennet girls in order to preserve their home. It looks like he has his sights set on Elizabeth, but did we mention that he's a complete fool and worships his boss (a certain Lady Catherine)? It's clear that Elizabeth finds him repulsive.

As for the two youngest Bennet sisters, the militia has arrived in town and they're ready to throw themselves at any officers who wander their way. They meet a charming young man named Mr. Wickham, who rapidly befriends Elizabeth. Wickham tells Elizabeth a sob story about how all of his life opportunities were destroyed by Mr. Darcy, convincing her that Darcy is Evil Personified. Elizabeth readily believes Wickham's story, and also learns that Lady Catherine (Mr. Collins's boss) is Mr. Darcy's aunt.

The next day, all the Bennet girls are invited to a ball at Netherfield (Mr. Bingley's mansion). Elizabeth is excited about possibly dancing with Wickham, and also excited to see Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham confront each other. At the ball, Wickham is absent, but Darcy asks Elizabeth to dance. So does Mr. Collins, whose dancing style is grotesquely embarrassing to Elizabeth. The rest of Elizabeth's family is no better: Mrs. Bennet brags to everyone that Bingley will likely propose to Jane, Mary and shows off her non-existent musical talent, and Lydia and Kitty are embarrassingly flirty with the military officers.

The following morning, Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth, who practically has to beat him over the head before he believes her adamant refusal. We don't feel too bad for Mr. Collins because Elizabeth's friend, Charlotte Lucas, pretends to play wingman (or wingperson, if you like), but is really hunting for a proposal of her own. Mr. Collins does indeed step up, and Charlotte accepts. Elizabeth is shocked when she learns of their engagement. She has difficulty believing that Charlotte's good sense would allow her to marry such a ridiculous man. Charlotte explains, however, that she's a spinster with no prospects, and she'd rather have her own home than live with her parents forever. Basically, beggars can't be choosers.

A letter arrives for Jane. It's from Miss Bingley, informing her that the entire Bingley group has left for London. Miss Bingley also sneakily implies that Mr. Bingley is really in love with Darcy's sister. Jane is heartbroken, but goes to London with her aunt and uncle in the hopes of winning Bingley back.

Elizabeth also leaves home to visit the newly married Charlotte. Charlotte seems content. During her visit, Elizabeth receives a dinner invitation to Lady Catherine's estate, Rosings Park. While there, Lady Catherine subjects Elizabeth to the third degree, but Elizabeth takes it well. She learns that a visit from Darcy is imminent.

When Darcy arrives, he and Elizabeth engage in more witty banter over the dinner table at Rosings. He frequently comes to visit at Charlotte's house, which confuses everyone since he doesn't say anything, doesn't look like he's having fun, and always stays less than ten minutes.

Meanwhile, Elizabeth learns that Bingley was going to propose to Jane but that Darcy intervened. Naturally her dislike for Darcy intensifies…which is exactly the moment Darcy chooses to propose.

During the proposal, mixed in with Darcy's "I love you" are some "I am so superior to you" comments, which, not surprisingly, don't go over so well. Elizabeth rejects him and tells him off, saying that he isn't a gentleman. She cites both Wickham's story and Jane's broken heart as the two primary reasons for anger.

The next day, Darcy hands Elizabeth a letter, asking her to read it. It contains the full story regarding Wickham (he's a liar, a gambler, and he tried to elope with Darcy's underage sister) and the full story regarding Jane (Darcy was convinced Jane didn't love Bingley and so tried to save his friend from a woman simply attracted to his wealth). Elizabeth undergoes a huge emotional transformation and regrets her hasty actions.

Once back at home, Lydia, the youngest of the Bennet girls, is invited to follow the officers to their next station in Brighton. Elizabeth strongly disapproves of the plan, but Mr. Bennet overrules her and allows Lydia to go off.

Elizabeth's aunt and uncle ask her to accompany them on a trip to Derbyshire, which is, incidentally, where Mr. Darcy lives. They decide to visit his estate called Pemberley. Elizabeth agrees to go only after she learns that Mr. Darcy is out of town. Once at the estate, Elizabeth is impressed by its excellent taste and upkeep. Darcy's housekeeper also has nothing but compliments for her master. To Elizabeth's surprise, they run into Darcy, and, to her further surprise, he's immensely polite to her aunt and uncle. Darcy asks Elizabeth to meet his sister, who proves to be quite nice but very shy.

Before we can finally tune up the violins and the wedding toasts, disaster strikes when Elizabeth learns that Lydia has run off with Wickham. This scandal could ruin the family, so Elizabeth's uncle and father try to track the renegade couple down. Elizabeth's uncle saves the day and brings the two young 'uns back as a properly married (and unapologetic) couple. When Lydia lets slip that Darcy was at her wedding, Elizabeth realizes that there's more to the story and writes to her aunt for more information.

When her aunt replies, Elizabeth learns the full truth: Darcy was actually the one responsible for saving the Bennet family's honor. He tracked down the couple and paid off Wickham's massive debts in exchange for Wickham marrying Lydia. When Darcy arrives with Bingley for a visit at Longbourn, Elizabeth tries to talk to him but doesn't get a chance. It seems Darcy has talked to Bingley about Jane, however, so all is well in that quarter. Bingley eventually proposes and Jane accepts.

Shortly thereafter, Lady Catherine visits Longbourn and tries to strong-arm Elizabeth into rejecting any proposal from Darcy. Elizabeth gets mad – why is this woman trying to control her? – and basically tells her to get lost. Later, Elizabeth and Darcy go for a walk and the couple says everything that needs to be said: "Thanks for saving my sister from ruin," "I was doing it for you," "Do you still hate me?" "No, I love you," etc. They decide to get married. The story is ended with happy ending.

by ahmad fuad

Sabtu, 15 Oktober 2011

7 Tips Untuk Menghafal Kata-Kata Baru dengan Mudah dan Cepat

Posted on February 11, 2010 by Admin


Kata, kata, kata …. begitu banyak kata bahasa Inggris yang harus dipelajari dan sangat sulit mengingat semuanya. Dalam postingan kali ini saya akan memberikan 7 tips dari Paul Turner yang akan manjadikan belajar dan mengingat kosa kata baru lebih mudah, lebih cepat, lebih menyenangkan, dan lebih efektif.

1. Buat jaring hubungan kata

Otak kita merekam apa yang kita baca dan mengubahnya menjadi gambar-gambar, ide-ide, dan perasaan, etc. dan selanjutnya membuat hubungan antara apa yang kita tahu sebelumnya dengan informasi yang baru didapat (kata-kata dan ide-ide). Dengan ini kita mengingat sesuatu. Hal “baru” dipadukan dengan hal “lama”. Mari ambil contoh sebatang pohon. Cukup mudah bagi Anda untuk melihat sebatang pohon besar dengan banyak ranting dan daun dibanding melihat sebatang pohon kecil dengan ranting dan daun yang sangat sedikit, benar bukan? Nah begitu juga dengan otak Anda. Ketika Anda menghubungkan sebuah kata atau ide baru dengan sesuatu yang telah Anda ketahui sebelumnya akan menjadi lebih mudah bagi otak Anda untuk menemukan (melihat) nya ketika Anda perlu mengingatnya. Bagaimana Anda dapat melakukan ini? Mudah. Buat sebuah Jaring Ide. Mulai dengan sesuatu yang Anda ingin ingat (kata, ide, kalimat) di bagian tengah sebuah kertas. Kemudian buat garis-garis darinya seperti sebuah jaring laba-laba. Pada ujung setiap garis tulis ide atau kata apa saja atau bahkan gambar apa saja yang muncul dalam pikiran Anda ketika Anda mengatakan kata atau ide yang ada di bagian tengah. Apapun yang Anda pikirkan tidak masalah…. tuliskan saja.

Ini hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar 2 menit. Sekarang semua kata/ide terhubung dalam pikiran Anda. Jika Anda melihat atau mendengar salah satu diantaranya itu akan membantu otak Anda mengingat semua kata yang lain. Agar tips ini benar-benar berfungsi, Anda bisa berbicara kepada diri Anda sendiri tentang bagaimana masing-masing kata/ide saling berhubung dengan yang lainnya. Semakin banyak Anda melakukan ini semakin banyak pula koneksi yang Anda buat. Banyak koneksi akan menjadikan sangat mudah bagi otak Anda untuk “melihat ” kata yang ingin Anda panggil ketika Anda mencoba untuk mengingatnya.

2. Ingat dalam gabungan (kolokasi)

Mengingat kata penting tetapi Bahasa Inggris merupakan sebuah bahasa dan bahasa bukan sekedar fakta-fakta yang harus diingat; Bahasa adalah untuk digunakan orang menyatakan ide-ide mereka dan untuk berkomunikasi. Jadi, carilah contoh tentang bagaimana setiap kata digunakan dalam teks Anda. Tulis beberapa kata sebelum dan setelah kata yang bersangkutan sehingga anda mengingat bagaimana ia digunakan. Contoh: jika kata yang ingin anda hafal adalah “arrogant” tuliskanlah sesuatu seperti ini …. “the tall, arrogant man”… Ini akan membantu Anda mengingat bahwa kata “arrogant” merupakan sebuah adjective (kata sifat) dan sehingga ia menjelaskan orang. Hal berikutnya yang harus dilakukan adalah membuat 3 kalimat lengkap dengan kata tersebut untuk mempraktikkan penggunaannya.

3. Menggunakan gambar-gambar

Buat gambar-gambar kecil yang menunjukkan makna dari kata yang ingin Anda hafal jika Anda bisa menggambar. Mungkin terkesan ganjil tapi tips ini benar-benar berfungsi. Otak kita memiliki begitu banyak informasi “normal” yang datang setiap saat sehingga jika Ada gambar yang terkesan aneh maka tentu itu “tidak normal” bagi otak sehingga akan selau diingat. Otak kita juga dirancang khusus untuk menangkap dan memahami informasi visual dengan cepat. Jadi, buatlah gambar lucu yang menunjukkan makna dari kata yang ingin Anda hafal dan otak Anda akan mengingatnya dengan mudah.

4. Membuat cerita “gila”

Sering banyak yang mengatakan terlalu banyak kata baru yang harus diingat. Ada satu trik ingatan yang Anda bisa gunakan untuk melakukan ini. Buatlah sebuah cerita “gila” yang menggunakan semua kata-kata yang ingin Anda ingat. Gambarkan dalam pikiran Anda ketika anda membuat cerita tersebut. Kita bisa mengingat cerita dengan mudah, khususnya cerita “gila” yang kita bisa bayangkan secara rinci dalam pikiran kita. Ulangi cerita tersebut dan Anda akan mengingat kata-katanya. Ketika Anda membuat cerita tersebut hubungkanlah kata-kata yang ada dengan cara yang lucu. Contoh, jika Anda ingin mengingat kedua puluh kata berikut:

shoes, piano, tree, pencil, bird, taxi, books, driver, dog, pizza, flower, basketball, door, television, spoons, chair, jump, dance, computer, stone . . .

Anda bisa membuat sebuah cerita seperti ini:

There is a piano wearing shoes and climbing a tree. The tree is strange because someone has stuck a giant pencil through it. On the pencil a bird is sitting and watching a taxi full of people reading books. Even the driver is reading a book which is bad because he isn’t paying attention to driving. So, he hits a dog that is eating a pizza in the middle of the road and kills it. The driver digs a hole and buries the dogflower on it. He notices that there is a door in the dog’s grave and opens it. Inside he can see a television with 2 spoons for antennas on top of it. No one is watching the television because they are all watching the chair. Why? Because the chair is jumping and dancing and throwing stones at the computer. in it and then puts a

Cobalah. Anda akan tercengang dengan efeknya.

5. Memisah bagian-bagian kata

Gunakan awalan, akhiran, dan kata dasar untuk menebak arti sebuah kata. Contoh:

Anggap Anda mungkin tidak tahu arti kata “microbiology” tetapi Anda bisa menebak apa artinya. Pertama-tama, perhatikan awalan “micro”. Micro berarti sangat kecil. Anda mungkin juga mengingat bahwa “ology” berarti sebuah subjek, kajian tentang sesuatu. Jadi kita tahu bahwa sebagian dari kata ini berarti “kajian tentang” + “sesuatu yang kecil”. Sekarang, Anda mungkin mengingat bahwa “bio” berarti segala sesatu yang hidup. Jadi kita bisa menentukan bahwa microbiology kemungkinan berarti kajian terhadap makluk hidup yang sangat kecil. Ini benar. Bahasa Inggris seperti sebuah puzzle – kita meletakkan pototongan-potongan bersama-sama untuk membantuk kata baru. Jadi jika Anda ingin menghafal kata-kata dengan awal yang sering Anda lihat (un-, dis-, con-, micro-, etc.) dan kata dengan akhiran yang sering anda lihat (-able, -ly, -ent, -tion, -ive, etc) dan mengingat apa artinya, maka Anda akan mampu menebak apa arti dari banyak kata.

6. Pikirkan dan pelajari yang berlawanan

Pelajarilah kata-kata yang maknanya berlawanan (antonim) dan kata-kata dengan makna mirip (sinonim). Sebagai contoh, pelajari angry/happy (antonim) dan angry/cross (sinonim) secara bersama-sama. Kita bisa mengingat hal-hal yang serupa dan berlawanan dengan mudah karena “terpadu” dalam pikiran kita.

7. Waktu adalah segala-galanya

Menurut para ahli psikologi yang mengkaji bagaimana kita mengingat apa saja, terdapat cara yang lebih baik utuk mempelajari sesuatu dengan cepat dan secara permanen. Gunakan kata baru dengan segera. Gunakan 10 menit kemudian. Gunakan 1 jam kemudian. Gunakan 1 hari kemudian. Gunakan 1 pekan kemudian. Setelah itu, jarang menggunakannya lagi tidak apa-apa – kata baru tersebut telah menjadi milik Anda selamanya.

Rujukan: edition.tefl.net

peredaaan american and british english

Tulisan ini dibuat menindaklanjuti komentar beberapa pembaca blog ini yang meminta pembahasan tentang perbedaan antara bahasa Inggris British (British English) dan bahasa Inggris Amerika (American English). Perbedaan kedua bahasa Inggris ini bisa ditinjau dari beberapa aspek dan sudah dibahas sangat lengkap dan mendetail dalam bahasa Inggris di tautan ini. Namun bagi rekan-rekan yang belum mampu menerjemahkannya berikut merupakan rangkuman tentang perbedaan British English dan American English.

Bahasa Inggris digunakan di banyak negara baik sebagai bahasa Ibu maupun sebagai bahasa ke-dua. Itulah sebabnya selain “bahasa Inggris” ada banyak “bahasa Inggris-bahasa Inggris” lain yang merupakan variasi dari bahasa tersebut. Dua versi bahasa Inggris yang paling umum digunakan adalah bahasa Inggris British dan bahasa Inggris Amerika.

Sebelum kita menilik beberapa perbedaan diantara kedua versi bahasa Inggris ini perlu ditekankan bahwa perbedaan-perbedaan ini cukup tipis dan seiring dengan internasionalisasi di era moderen sekarang ini perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut bahkan bisa dikatakan semakin berkurang.

Sedikit perbedaan yang terdapat antara bahasa Inggris British dan Inggris Amerika cenderung hanya memperkaya komunikasi dan tidak menimbulkan masalah ataupun kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi. Berikut perbedaan bahasa Inggris British dan Amerika ditinjau dari beberapa sudut pandang.

Ejaan (spelling)

Bahasa Inggris British cenderung mempertahankan ejaan banyak kata yang asalnya dari Perancis sedangkan Inggris Amerika mencoba untuk mengeja kata lebih mendekati cara mereka melafalkannya dan mereka menghilangkan huruf-huruf yang tidak diperlukan.

Berikut beberapa contohnya:

Bahasa Inggris British Bahasa Inggris Amerika

centre

theatre

realise

catalogue

programme

travelled

neighbour

grey

plough

to practise (verb)

practice (noun)

cheque

Center

theater

realize

catalog

program

traveled

neighbor

gray

plow

to practice (verb)

practice (verb)

check (noun)

Pelafalan (pronunciation)

  • Orang Amerika biasanya melafalkan huruf “r” dengan menggulung lidah mereka ke belakang dan merapatkannya ke langit-langit mulut sedangkan kebanyakan orang Inggris tidak melafalkan huruf “r” dalam kata, khususnya jika terdapat pada akhir kata.
  • Dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika kata “can” dan “can’t” kedengaran sangat mirip sedangkan dalam bahasa inggris British Anda bisa membedakannya secara jelas.
  • Orang Amerika cenderung melafalkan kata seperti “reduce”, “produce”, “induce”, “seduce” (kata-kata kerja yang berakhiran “duce”) dengan lebih rileks, yang berarti bahwa setelah huruf “d” mengikut bunyi/huruf “u”. Dalam bahasa Inggris British setelah huruf “d” ditambahkan “j”.
  • Orang Amerika memiliki kecenderungan untuk mereduksi kata dengan menghilangkan beberapa huruf. Kata “facts” misalnya dalam bahasa inggris Amerika dilafalkan sama dengan kata “fax” – “t” tidak diucapkan.
  • Kadang-kadang huruf dihilangkan dalam bahasa Inggris British seperti dalam kata “secretary”, dimana huruf “a” tidak diucapkan.
  • Dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika, kombinasi huruf “cl” dalam kata seperti “cling”, “climat”, “club” dll, kedengaran lebih frikatif. Anda dapat menghasilkan bunyi ini dengan menegangkan pita suara.

Penekanan kata terkadang juga berbeda. Contoh, kata “details” mendapatkan penekanan pada huruf “e” dalam Inggris British dan pada “ai” dalam Inggris Amerika.

Kosa kata (vocabulary)

Ada beberapa kata dan istilah yang digunakan hanya dalam Inggris British atau hanya dalam Inggris Amerika. Akan tetapi, dengan adanya media baru seperti internet dan dunia yang semakin mengglobal kata-kata seperti ini menjadi semakin sedikit. Berikut beberapa contohnya.

Bahasa Inggris British Bahasa Inggris Amerika

lift

boot

autumn

litter

crossroad

trousers

Elevator

trunk

fall

garbage

crossing

pants

Adapun bahasa Inggris yang kita pelajari di bangku-bangku sekolah dan kuliah lebih dominan bahasa Inggris British.

Daftar rujukan:
- http://www.english-test.net/articles/5/index.html
- http://www.english-test.net/articles/6/index.html
- http://www.1-language.com/articles/differences-between-british-and-american-english

web belajar bahasa inggris

www.letspeakenglish.info


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Senin, 04 Juli 2011

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THE TITLE OF SKRIPSI :

AN ANALYSIS OF DEATH AS SEEN IN EDGAR ALLAN POE’S POEMS THE SLEEPER, SPIRITS OF THE DEATH, LENORE, AND SONNET TO MY MOTHER

ABSTRACT

Fuad, Ahmad. 2008 : An Analysis of Death As Seen in Edgar Allan Poe’s Poems The Sleeper, Spirits of The Death, Lenore, and Sonnet to My Mother

Advisor : Tri Budhi, M.Pd.

Key word : Death, Edgar Allan Poe, Poem, The Sleeper, Spirits of The Dead, Lenore, Sonnet to My Mother


Language is the principle means used by human beings to communicate wit one another. Language is primarily spoken, although it can be transferred to another medium, such as writing. Writing can be viewed in one sense as a more permanent physical record of spoken language. Literature as a form of written language was basically born as a communication mean, as literature can be classified into informative literature or literature of knowledge and imaginative literature or literature of power. The first is the literature that aims to give the facts and knowledge, while the second tends to entertain. The form of literature includes prose, poetry, and drama.

Poetry is simply another way we can express our feeling to the world and others. The purpose of this study is based on the following problems. They are: (1) How does Edgar Allan Poe describe the death in his four poems? (2) What do the symbols of death appear in his four poems? And (3) Why is Edgar Allan Poe interested in writing his poems with topic of death?. Here, the researcher will focus the study on the Edgar Allan Poe’s four poems which involve the death. They are The Sleeper, Spirits of the Dead, Lenore, and Sonnet to My Mother.

As the basis of the problems, the researcher uses qualitative and documentary analysis. The theories include the correlation between the author’s biography and his literary works, and Edgar Allan Poe interest with the topic of death in his poems. This study uses extrinsic method and expressive approach.

All the materials are taken from Edgar Allan Poe’s four poems that reflect the death. From the data which have been analyzed, it is found that Poe’s interests with the topic of death are reflected in his four poems. This evidence supports the researcher to make a conclusion that Edgar Allan Poe has written all his poems based on his experiences. Beside that, he used symbols so deeply meaning and romantic. Even though, most of his poem is death. Therefore, this study will give a model for te students in analyzing the correlation between the psychological aspects of the author and his literary works, some reference in studying literature, especially about the poem and at as encourage the other to do future research.